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STATCOM – Working Principle, Design and Application

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What is SATACOM? STATCOM or Static Synchronous Compensator is a power electronic device using force commutated devices like IGBT, GTO etc. to control the reactive power flow through a power network and thereby increasing the stability of power network. STATCOM is a shunt device i.e. it is connected in shunt with the line. A Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is also known as a Static Synchronous Condenser (STATCON). It is a member of the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) family of devices. The terms Synchronous in STATCOM mean that it can either absorb or generate reactive power in synchronization with the demand to stabilize the voltage of the power network. Working Principle of STATCOM: To understand the working principle of STATCOM, we will first have a look at the reactive power transfer equation. Let us consider two sources V1 and V2 are connected through an impedance Z = Ra + jX as shown in figure below. In the above reactive power ...
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Basics of Magnetic Circuit

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Magnetic Circuit is defined as the path followed by a Magnetic Flux. Magnetic Flux always has a tendency to follow low Reluctance path. The laws of Magnetic Circuit are quite similar to the Electric Circuit but the terms used in Magnetic Circuit analysis is different. Let us consider a Toroid having a magnetic path of length L meter. Mind that length of Magnetic path is equal to the periphery of the Toroid. Also, assume that the Cross Sectional area of the Toroid is A m 2 and N number of turn is wound on the Toroid carrying current I as shown in figure below. As we know that, Magnetic Field Strength H inside Toroid = NI / L Wb/m 2 So, Magnetic Flux Density B = u 0 u r H Where u 0 = Absolute permeability of free space             u r = Relative permeability Therefore, total Flux produced in Toroid, Ø = B x A                     ...
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Basic Principle of Relay Operation

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Relay is a switch which senses fault in a system and once fault is sensed by the Relay, it issues trip command to the Circuit Breaker, CB to isolate the faulty section of the network from the healthy section. The Relay detects the abnormal condition by continuously monitoring electrical quantities which are different for healthy and faulty condition. The electrical quantities which may change during fault condition are voltage, current, frequency and phase angle. If one or more of the above electrical quantities change, that signals the presence, type and location of the fault to the Relay. After detecting the fault condition, Relay pick-up, its contact will change from NO to NC or vice versa. So we can wire up a particular kind of Relay contact to Breaker tripping circuit. So whenever, the Relay picks up, the tripping of Breaker will take place. You may like to Read, Why CT Secondary Shall Never be Kept Open? A simplified Relay circuit is shown in figure below. Figure below shows one...
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