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Why Armature Winding on Stator in Synchronous Machine?

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In Synchronous Machine, the armature winding is provided on Stator and field winding on Rotor which is contrary to other Electrical Machines. In fact there are certain issues due to which we provide armature winding on Stator. The benefits of this are as follows: More Economical: It is more economical to provide Armature winding on Stator and Field winding on rotor. Let us consider a three phase Star connected 750 MVA, 21 kV Synchronous Machine. Line Current = (750x10 3 )/(1.732x21) = 20,620 A If the armature winding is placed on the Rotor, we need three slip rings each capable of handling 20,620 A. Only not this, we need to provide slip rings with an insulation of (21/1.732 = 12.12 kV). The star point for grounding is also to be taken out through the fourth slip ring. Now, suppose the power requirement for the Field is 2 MW at 500 V. Then Excitation / Field Current = 2000/0.5 = 4000A In this case only two Slip Rings each capable of handling 4000 A is re...
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Concept of Subtransient, Transient & Steady State

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The concept of Subtransient, Transient and Steady State arises in case of fault in an Alternator. Let us assume a sudden short circuit in three phase of alternator. The fault current will flow in all the three phases of alternator and its waveform will be as shown in figure below. When the alternator is short-circuited, the currents in all the three-phases rise rapidly to a high value of about 10 to 18 times of full load current, during the first quarter cycle. The flux crossing the air gap is large during a first couple of cycles. The reactance during these first two or three cycle is least and the short circuit current is high. This reactance is called subtransient reactance and is denoted by X". The first few cycles come under sub-transient state. After a first few cycles, the decrement in the r.m.s. value of short circuit current is less rapid than the decrements during the first few cycles. This state is called the Transient  State and the reactance in th...
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Transformer Cooling Classes

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Losses in the transformer are of the order of 1% of its full load kW rating. There are mainly two types of losses in a Transformer i.e. Core Loss and Ohmic Loss. Because of these losses the winding of transformer as well as Core gets heat up and we need to provide sufficient cooling to remove heat and maintain a constant winding and Core temperature. Various types of cooling methodologies are used for Transformer but before going to each methodology, we will have a look at the General Method of designating a particular cooling method i.e. class. In the nameplate of Transformer, four letter represents the cooling method of the Transformer. The above table is self explanatory, therefore if you see ONAN on the Name Plate of Transformer then it means that Oil with flash point less than 300° is used as cooling media and Natural convection is used for removing heat. In secondary side of cooling mechanism, Air with Natural convection is used by employing Radiator. ...
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